Understanding the Different Types of Incontinence

At Arcus Medical, we recognize that incontinence can be a sensitive issue, but it's important to understand that it affects millions of people worldwide. With the right knowledge and resources, managing incontinence can become easier and less stressful.

By understanding the different types of incontinence and the solutions available, we can help individuals regain control and improve their quality of life. In this blog, we’ll explore the five main types of incontinence, what causes them, and how we can work together to manage them effectively.

Stress Incontinence

What is it?

Stress incontinence occurs when physical pressure (or stress) is exerted on the bladder, causing it to leak. It can happen during activities like coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising.

This form of incontinence is most common, however, it can affect men, particularly after prostate surgery.

Causes

Stress incontinence typically results from weakened pelvic floor muscles and a loss of support to the bladder. Factors like aging, hormone changes, or injury to the pelvic area can also contribute. These weakened muscles can’t adequately support the bladder, causing urine to leak when pressure is applied.

Management

Managing stress incontinence starts with strengthening the pelvic floor muscles through exercises like Kegels, which we often recommend. Kegel exercises help tone and rebuild muscle strength over time.

In addition, lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding triggers like heavy lifting can be beneficial. If necessary, more advanced treatments, including pelvic floor physical therapy or surgery, may be explored.

Urge Incontinence

What is it?

Urge incontinence, also known as overactive bladder (OAB), is characterized by a sudden, intense need to urinate, followed by involuntary leakage. The sensation can be overwhelming, leaving little time to make it to the bathroom.

This type of incontinence often interrupts daily activities and can disrupt sleep, known as nocturia (the need to urinate multiple times during the night).

Causes

Urge incontinence is often linked to nerve damage or irritation that causes the bladder muscles to contract involuntarily. This can result from conditions like stroke, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, or other neurological disorders.

Sometimes, the cause is idiopathic, meaning no specific cause can be identified. Certain foods, drinks, and medications can also irritate the bladder, leading to urge incontinence.

Management

Managing urge incontinence often starts with behavioural techniques, such as bladder training, where individuals gradually increase the time between bathroom visits. In addition, dietary adjustments, like reducing caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods, can help.

For those with persistent symptoms, medications that calm the bladder muscles or, in some cases, surgical interventions, may be necessary. At Arcus Medical, we provide personalized plans that address the specific triggers and needs of each individual.

Overflow Incontinence

What is it?

Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder doesn’t empty properly, leading to frequent or constant dribbling of urine.

This can happen even if the individual doesn’t feel the need to urinate. It’s more common in men, especially those with prostate problems, but it can also affect women.

Causes

The main cause of overflow incontinence is an obstruction that prevents the bladder from emptying fully. This obstruction can be due to an enlarged prostate, a tumour, or scar tissue. In some cases, weakened bladder muscles or nerve damage may also lead to this condition, often seen in individuals with diabetes or neurological disorders.

Management

Managing overflow incontinence may involve addressing the underlying obstruction or improving bladder function. In some cases, we recommend catheterization to help empty the bladder fully.

For others, medications or surgery to relieve blockages may be needed. We also work closely with patients to develop bladder retraining programs that can help improve their ability to void normally.

Functional Incontinence

What is it?

Functional incontinence occurs when a person’s physical or cognitive impairments prevent them from reaching the bathroom in time, even though their bladder and urinary system are functioning normally. This type of incontinence is often seen in individuals with arthritis, mobility challenges, or cognitive conditions such as dementia.

Causes

The root cause of functional incontinence lies in external factors, such as reduced mobility or difficulty communicating the need to use the bathroom. For example, someone with severe arthritis may struggle to unbutton their pants quickly, leading to accidents.

Management

The management of functional incontinence focuses on improving access to the bathroom. At Arcus Medical, we work with caregivers and patients to create a supportive environment that minimizes barriers.

This may involve modifications to living spaces, such as installing handrails, using adaptive clothing, or keeping a bedside commode for nighttime use. Additionally, addressing the primary mobility or cognitive challenges can often reduce the frequency of accidents.

Mixed Incontinence

What is it?

Mixed incontinence is a combination of two or more types of incontinence, typically stress and urge incontinence. This can lead to involuntary leaks during activities like coughing or sneezing, as well as sudden urges to urinate.

Causes

Because mixed incontinence involves multiple factors, its causes can vary widely. It’s often related to the same issues that cause stress and urge incontinence, such as weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, or bladder irritation.

Management

Managing mixed incontinence requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both forms of incontinence.

We often recommend pelvic floor exercises for stress incontinence, along with bladder training or medications to manage urge incontinence. Each individual’s treatment plan will depend on the specific combination of symptoms they experience.

Supporting Your Journey to Better Bladder Health

Incontinence is a common issue, but it doesn’t have to control your life. At Arcus Medical, we are committed to helping you find the right solutions for your needs.

Whether it’s through pelvic floor exercises, lifestyle changes, or medical interventions, we’ll work with you every step of the way to regain control and improve your quality of life.

Understanding the different types of incontinence is the first step toward managing it effectively. If you or someone you know is experiencing any form of incontinence, don’t hesitate to reach out to us.

We offer personalized care and a range of products to help manage incontinence, allowing you to live comfortably and confidently. Together, we can make a difference.